Uyawazi umlando wokuthuthuka weDongfeng Company?

"I-China inkulu kakhulu, akwanele ukuba ne-FAW iyodwa, ngakho-ke imboni yesibili yezimoto kufanele yakhiwe." Ekupheleni kuka-1952, ngemva kokuba zonke izinhlelo zokwakha zefekthri yokuqala yezimoto sezinqunyiwe, uSihlalo uMao Zedong wanikeza imiyalelo yokwakha imboni yesibili yezimoto. Ngonyaka olandelayo, uMnyango Wokuqala Wemboni Yemishini waqala umsebenzi wokulungiselela weNo.2 Automobile Company, futhi wamisa ihhovisi lokulungiselela le-No.2 Automobile Factory e-Wuhan.

Ngemva kokulalela imibono yochwepheshe baseSoviet, le ndawo yakhethwa endaweni yaseWuchang futhi yabikwa eKomidini Lombuso Lokwakha kanye noMnyango Wokuqala Wemboni Yemishini ukuze sigunyazwe. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuba lolu hlelo lubikwe eMnyangweni weMishini onguNo.1, lwadala izinkulumo eziningi. IKomidi Lokwakha Likahulumeni, No.1 Machinery Department kanye ne-Automobile Bureau bonke bacabange ukuthi kwakunenzuzo enkulu ukwakha i-No.2 Automobile e-Wuhan ngokombono wokwakha umnotho. Kodwa-ke, iWuhan iqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-800 kuphela ukusuka ogwini futhi itholakala ethafeni lapho kugxilwe khona izimboni, ngakho-ke kulula ukuhlaselwa yisitha ngemuva kokugqashuka kwempi. Ngemva kokuhlola ngokugcwele indawo enkulu yezwe lakithi ngaleso sikhathi, uMnyango Wemishini No.1 wagcina unqabile isiphakamiso sokwakha ifektri eWuchang.

Nakuba isiphakamiso sokuqala sanqatshwa, icebo lokwakha imboni yesibili yezimoto alizange liphele. NgoJulayi, 1955, ngemva kwengxabano ethile, abaphathi abakhulu banquma ukususa isiza se-No.2 Automobile sisuka eWuchang siya e-Baohechang esempumalanga yedolobha lase-Chengdu, eSichuan. Kulokhu, abaholi abaphezulu babezimisele kakhulu ukwakha i-No.2 Automobile, baze bakha nendawo yokulala cishe engu-20,000 square metres endaweni engaphansi kwe-Chengdu ekuseni kakhulu.

Ekugcineni, lolu hlelo aluzange lufezeke njengoba kwakuhleliwe. Uma kubhekwa ingxabano yasekhaya mayelana nobukhulu besiza se-No.2 Automobile, kanye namaphrojekthi engqalasizinda eyeqile e-China phakathi nesikhathi SoHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Yokuqala, uhlelo lokwakha ifekthri ye-No.2 Automobile lwamiswa okwesikhashana ekuqaleni. 1957 ngaphansi kwethonya "lokulwa nolaka". Ngalesi sikhathi, amathalente ezimoto angaphezu kwenkulungwane abesevele aphuthuma eSichuan nawo adluliselwa eMnyangweni Wezimoto onguNo.1, i-No.1 Automobile Factory namanye amabhizinisi ukuze asebenze.

Ngemva nje kokuba iphrojekthi yesibili yezimoto inqotshwe okwesikhashana, i-China iphinde yavula ithuba elihle lokusekela ukwethulwa kwemoto yesibili. Ngaleso sikhathi, amavolontiya aseShayina angena e-DPRK abuyela eChina ngobuningi, futhi uhulumeni wayebhekene nenkinga enzima yokuthi angahlalisa kanjani kabusha amasosha. USihlalo uMao uhlongoze ukuthi kudluliswe isigaba kumavolontiya abuyile futhi aphuthume eJiangnan ukuze alungiselele ifektri yesibili yezimoto.

Ngokushesha ngemva kokuba lokhu sekushiwo, ukwanda kokwakhiwa kwefekthri yesibili yezimoto kwaphinde kwaqalwa. Kulokhu, uLi Fuchun, owayengusekela-ndunankulu ngaleso sikhathi, wathi: “Ayikho imboni enkulu eHunan esigodini soMfula iYangtze, ngakho kuzokwakhiwa imboni yesibili yezimoto eHunan!” Ekupheleni kuka-1958, ngemva kokuthola imiyalelo yePhini likaNdunankulu, i-Automobile Bureau yoMnyango Wokuqala Wemishini yahlela amabutho ukwenza umsebenzi wokukhetha indawo eHunan.

NgoFebhuwari, 1960, ngemva kokukhethwa kwesizinda sokuqala, i-Automobile Bureau yathumela umbiko ngezindaba ezithile eziphathelene nokwakhiwa kwe-No.2 Automobile Factory ku-No.1 Automobile Factory. Ngo-April wonyaka ofanayo, i-No.1 Automobile Factory yagunyaza lolu hlelo futhi yamisa ikilasi lokuqeqesha umakhenikha labantu abangu-800. Ngokubona ukuthi i-Second Automobile Factory izosebenza kahle ngokwesekwa yizo zonke izinhlangothi, “inkathi enzima yeminyaka emithathu” kusukela ngo-1959 iphinde yacindezela inkinobho yokumisa isikhashana ukuqaliswa kweProjekthi Yezimoto Yesibili. Njengoba izwe lalisenkathini yezomnotho enzima kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, inhloko-dolobha yokuqala ye-Second Automobile Project yabambezeleka, futhi le phrojekthi yefekthri yezimoto eyayingesihle kwadingeka yehle futhi.

Ukuphoqwa ukuba behle kabili kwenza abantu abaningi bazizwe bedabuke futhi badumale, kodwa uhulumeni omkhulu akakaze awuyeke umqondo wokwakha imboni yesibili yezimoto. Ngo-1964, uMao Zedong wahlongoza ukunakisisa ukwakhiwa komugqa wesithathu, futhi wabeka umbono wokwakha imboni yezimoto yesibili okwesithathu. Imboni yenjini engu-No.1 yasabela kahle, futhi ukukhethwa kwendawo yefekthri yezimoto engu-No.2 kwenziwa futhi.

Ngemva kochungechunge lophenyo, amaqembu amaningi okulungiselela anqume ukukhetha indawo eduze kwase-Chenxi, i-Luxi ne-Songxi entshonalanga ye-Hunan, ngakho-ke yayihlanganisa imifudlana emithathu, ngakho yabizwa ngokuthi "i-Sanxi Scheme". Kamuva, iqembu labalungiselelayo labikela abaholi ngohlelo lweSanxi, futhi lwavunyelwa. Ukukhethwa kwesiza se-No.2 Steam Turbine kuthathe isinyathelo esikhulu esiya phambili.

Njengoba nje ukukhethwa kwendawo kwase kugcwele, uhulumeni omkhulu wathumela iziyalezo eziphakeme kakhulu, futhi wabeka phambili inqubomgomo yezinhlamvu eziyisithupha "yokuthembela entabeni, ukuhlakazeka nokucasha", okudinga ukuthi indawo ibe seduze nezintaba ngangokunokwenzeka. , kanye nemishini yokhiye yokungena emgodini. Eqinisweni, kusukela kule miyalo, akunzima ukubona ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi, uhulumeni wethu wayegxile entweni yempi ekukhethweni kwesizinda seNo.2 Automobile Company. Kulokhu, singakwazi futhi ukuthi indawo yomhlaba wonke ye-New China, esanda kusungulwa iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, ayinakho ukuthula.

Ngemva kwalokho, u-Chen Zutao, uchwepheshe wezimoto ngaleso sikhathi owayengumqondisi nonjiniyela omkhulu we-Changchun Automobile Factory, waphuthuma ekukhetheni indawo. Ngemva kophenyo oluningi nomsebenzi wokulinganisa, inqwaba yamalungu eqembu lokulungiselela ngokuyisisekelo anquma uhlelo lokukhetha indawo ngo-Okthoba 1964 futhi abuya ngamaqoqo. Kodwa-ke, ngemva nje kokuba uhlelo lokukhetha indawo luhanjiswe kumuntu ophakeme, inqubo yokukhetha indawo yeNo.2 Automobile Company yashintsha ngokungalindelekile.

Ngokwezibalo ezingezinhle, ngesikhathi kukhethwa indawo yezinyanga eziyi-15 kusukela ngo-Okthoba, 1964 kuya kuJanuwari, 1966, inqwaba yabantu yabamba iqhaza ekukhethweni kwesizinda seNo.2 Automobile Factory, futhi yahlola amadolobha nezifunda ezingama-57 khona lapho, ishayela cishe ama-42,000. amakhilomitha ngemoto, futhi iqopha idatha engaphezu kuka-12,000. Amalungu amaningi eqembu lokulungiselela aze agoduka ayophumula kanye phakathi nokuhlolwa kwezinyanga eziyi-10. Ngokuhlola okuhlelekile nokuphelele kwesimo sangempela ezindaweni eziningi, ekugcineni kwatholakala ukuthi indawo yoMfula iShiyan-Jiangjun yayifaneleka kakhulu ukwakha izimboni, futhi uhlelo lokukhetha indawo lwathunyelwa ekuqaleni kuka-1966. Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi umoya wesizukulwane esidala samabhobhothi e-autobot e-China asebenza kanzima futhi angesabi ubunzima kufanele ngempela ufundwe kubakhi bezimoto basekhaya bamanje.

Kodwa-ke, kulesi sigaba, ukukhethwa kwendawo yeNo.2 Automobile Company bekungakaqedwa. Kusukela lapho, uhulumeni omkhulu uye wathumela ochwepheshe abaningi abavela emhlabeni wonke ukuze bengezelele futhi bathuthukise ukukhethwa kwesizinda seNo.2 Automobile Factory. Kwaze kwaba ngo-Okthoba 1966 lapho uhlelo lweNo.2 Automobile Company lokwakha imboni eShiyan lwaphothulwa ngokuyisisekelo.

Kodwa akuzange kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuthi iSecond Automobile Company iphinde ibe senkingeni. Ngo-1966, i-Cultural Revolution yaqala eChina. Ngaleso sikhathi, amaRed Guards amaningi ahlela ukubhalela u-Li Fuchun, iPhini likaNdunankulu woMkhandlu Wombuso, izikhathi eziningi, bephikisana ngokuthi kwakunezinkinga eziningi eziyisisekelo ekusungulweni kwe-Second Automobile Company eShiyan. Ngenxa yalokho, icebo lokwakha imboni yezimoto yesibili lahlehliswa futhi.

Ngo-Ephreli, 1967 noJulayi, 1968, abaholi abakhulu be-No.1 Engine Factory baya ekukhethweni kwesayithi ye-No.2 Steam Turbine futhi babamba imihlangano emibili yokulungiswa kwesayithi. Ekugcineni, ngemva kwengxoxo emhlanganweni, kucatshangelwe ukuthi isinqumo sokwakha i-No.2 Steam Turbine e-Shiyan sasilungile, kodwa imininingwane ethile kuphela edingekayo ukuze ilungiswe. Ngakho-ke, i-No.1 Engine Factory yakha isimiso “sokunganyakazi okuyisisekelo nokulungiswa okufanele”, futhi yenza ukulungisa kancane endaweni engu-No.2 Steam Turbine. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-16 “izikhathi ezimbili nezintathu”

Kusukela kwasungulwa ifekthri e-Shiyan ngo-1965, i-No.2 Automobile Company isiqale ukuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa kwamamodeli ayo efektri yesikhashana elula. Ekuqaleni kuka-1965, uMnyango Wokuqala Wemishini wabamba umhlangano wenqubomgomo yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlela wemboni yezimoto e-Changchun, futhi wanquma ukubeka i-Changchun Automobile Research Institute ngaphansi kobuholi be-No.2 Automobile Company. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, yangenisa amamodeli ezinhlobo ze-Wanguo kanye ne-Dodge ukuze isetshenziswe, futhi yathuthukisa imoto yokuqala yezempi engekho emgwaqeni ye-No.2 Automobile Company ngokubhekiselwa kweloli le-Jiefang elakhiqizwa ngaleso sikhathi.

Ngomhla lu-1 kuMbasa, 1967, iNkampani Yezimoto enguNo.2, eyayingakaqali ukwakhiwa ngokusemthethweni, yabamba umcimbi ongokomfanekiso oyinhloko eLugouzi, eShiyan, esifundazweni saseHubei. Njengoba i-Cultural Revolution yayisifikile kakade ngaleso sikhathi, umkhuzi waseYunyang Military Region wahola amasosha ukuba ame ehhovisi lokuzilungiselela ukuze avimbele izingozi. Kwaze kwadlula iminyaka emibili ngemva kwalo mcimbi oyingqopha-mlando lapho iNo.2 Automobile Company yaqala khona ngempela ukwakha.

Ngenxa yomyalelo kahulumeni omkhulu wokuthi “amasosha kumele abekwe kuqala, futhi amasosha abekwe phambi kwabantu”, iSecond Automobile Company yanquma ukukhiqiza imoto yamasosha engamathani angu-2.0 kanye ne-3.5 -ton iloli ngo-1967. Ngemva kokuba imodeli isinqunyiwe, i-No.2 Automobile Company ayikwazi ukuqhamuka neqembu elisezingeni lokukhiqiza le-R&D. Ibhekene nokushoda okukhulu kwamathalente, iKomidi Elimaphakathi le-CPC licele abanye abakhiqizi bezimoto basekhaya ukuthi bakhiphe amathalente abalulekile ukuze basize i-No.2 Automobile Company ukubhekana nezinkinga ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza.

Ngo-1969, ngemva kokuphenduka okuningana, i-No.2 Automobile Factory yaqala ukwakha ngezinga elikhulu, futhi amasosha okwakha angu-100,000 ahlangana ngokulandelana eShiyan evela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi zezwe. Ngokwezibalo, ekupheleni kuka-1969, kwakunabasebenzi abayi-1,273, onjiniyela kanye nabasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe abavolontiya ukuba bahlanganyele futhi basekele ukwakhiwa kwe-No.2 Automobile Factory, okuhlanganisa u-Zhi Deyu, uMeng Shaonong kanye nenani elikhulu lezobuchwepheshe bezimoto zasekhaya. ochwepheshe. Laba bantu bacishe bamelela izinga eliphezulu lemboni yezimoto yaseShayina ngaleso sikhathi, futhi ithimba labo laba umgogodla weNkampani Yezimoto Yesibili.

Kwaze kwaba ngu-1969 lapho i-Second Automobile Company yaqala ngokusemthethweni ukukhiqizwa nokwakhiwa okukhulu. Iqoqo lokuqala lamamodeli ocwaningo nentuthuko bekuyizimoto zamasosha ezingekho emgwaqeni ezingamathani angu-2.0, eziqanjwe ngekhodi 20Y. Ekuqaleni, inhloso yokukhiqiza le moto kwakuwukuhudula izikhali. Ngemuva kokukhiqizwa kwe-prototype, i-Second Automobile Company yakha inqwaba yamamodeli asuselwa kule modeli. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kokulungela ukulwa kanye nokwenyuka kwesisindo sokudonsa, umbutho wamasosha ufuna ukuthi i-tonnage yale moto ikhuphuke ibe amathani angu-2.5. Le modeli ebizwa nge-20Y ayizange ifakwe ekukhiqizweni ngobuningi, kanti iSecond Automobile Company nayo yaphenduka yakha le moto entsha ebizwa nge-25Y.

Ngemva kokunqunywa kwemodeli yemoto kanye nethimba elikhiqizayo seliqedile, izinkinga ezintsha zaphinde zabhekana neNo.2 Automobile Company. Ngaleso sikhathi, isizinda sezimboni saseShayina sasibuthakathaka kakhulu, futhi izinto zokukhiqiza zeNo.2 Automobile Company ezintabeni zaziyivelakancane kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, ingasaphathwa eyemishini emikhulu yokukhiqiza, ngisho nezakhiwo zefekthri zaziyizishede zesikhashana zomhlanga, ezinolinoleum njengophahleni, omata bomhlanga njengezingxenye nezicabha, futhi “isakhiwo sefekthri” kwakhiwa kanjalo. Lolu hlobo lweshede lomhlanga alukwazi nje ukumelana nehlobo elishisayo nokubanda, kodwa ngisho nendawo yokukhosela emoyeni nasemvuleni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezazisetshenziswa izisebenzi zeNo.2 Automobile Company ngaleso sikhathi zazilinganiselwe kumathuluzi ayinhloko afana nezando nezando. Ithembele ekusekelweni kwezobuchwepheshe kwe-No.1 Automobile Factory futhi ibhekisela kumingcele yezobuchwepheshe ye-Jiefang Truck, I-Second Automobile Company ihlanganise imoto yezempi engu-2.5-ton 25Y engekho emgwaqeni ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, isimo semoto sesishintshe kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa nangaphambili.

Kusukela lapho, imoto yamasosha engamathani angu-2.5 ephuma emgwaqeni ekhiqizwe yiSecond Automobile Company ibizwe ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-EQ240. Ngomhla lu-1 kuMfumfu, 1970, Inkampani Yezimoto enguNo. Ngalesi sikhathi abantu bakwaNo.2 Automobile Company abakhiqiza le moto bebekhathazekile ngokusimama kwalolu hlobo lwama-patchwork. Ifektri yaze yathumela abasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-200 bemisebenzi ehlukahlukene ukuba bayongena ngemuva kwe-rostrum endaweni yombukiso ngamathuluzi okukhanda amahora ambalwa, ukuze kulungiswe i-EQ240 ngezinkinga nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kwaze kwaba yilapho i-EQ240 idlula ngempumelelo i-rostrum lapho inhliziyo elengayo ye-Second Automobile Company yabekwa phansi.

Lezi zindaba ezihlekisayo azibukeki zinenkazimulo namuhla, kodwa kubantu ngaleso sikhathi, ziwumfanekiso wangempela wokusebenza kanzima kwe-Second Automobile Factory ezinsukwini zayo zokuqala. Ngomhla ziyi-10 kuNhlangulana, 1971, ulayini wokuqala wokuhlanganisa izimoto weNo.2 Automobile Company waqedwa, futhi inkampani yesibili yezimoto enolayini wokuhlanganisa ophelele yabonakala yamukela intwasahlobo. NgoJulayi 1, ulayini womhlangano walungiswa futhi wahlolwa ngempumelelo. Kusukela lapho, inkampani yesibili yezimoto isiqede umlando wezimoto ezenziwe ngezandla eLuxipeng.

Kusukela lapho, ukuze kuguqulwe isithombe se-EQ240 emiqondweni yabantu, ithimba lezobuchwepheshe eliholwa u-Chen Zutao seliqale ukuguqulwa kwe-EQ240 ngemva kokuqedwa komugqa wokuhlanganisa. Ngemva kokuthuthukiswa okuningana engqungqutheleni yokubhekana nezinkinga ezibalulekile, ukugunyazwa kanye nokulungiswa kwekhwalithi yobunjiniyela, Inkampani Yezimoto Yesibili isixazulule izinkinga eziyinhloko eziyi-104 zekhwalithi ye-EQ240 esikhathini esingaphezu konyaka owodwa, okubandakanya izingxenye eziguquliwe ezingaphezu kuka-900.

Kusukela ngo-1967 kuya ku-1975, ngemva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili yocwaningo nentuthuko, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokwenza ngcono, i-EQ240, imoto yokuqala yezempi engekho emgwaqeni ye-Second Automobile Manufacturing Plant, ekugcineni yaqedwa futhi yafakwa emkhiqizweni omkhulu. Imoto yamasosha engekho emgwaqeni ebizwa ngokuthi i-EQ240 isho iloli lenkululeko yangaleso sikhathi, futhi igrile yangaphambili emile ihambisana nomklamo weloli oyisithombe wangaleyo nkathi, okwenza le moto ibukeke iqinile.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-No.2 Automobile Company yamemezela kuMkhandlu Wombuso ukuthi igama lomkhiqizo wemikhiqizo yalo lizoba "i-Dongfeng", elivunywe uMkhandlu Wombuso. Kusukela lapho, imoto yesibili kanye ne-Dongfeng sekuphenduke amagama ahlanganiswe ndawonye.

Ekupheleni kwawo-1970, iChina ne-United States kancane kancane benza ubudlelwano bezokusebenzelana bujwayelekile, kodwa izwe elaliyiSoviet Union, umzalwane omkhulu, laliwubheke ngabomvu umngcele waseChina. Ngokusekelwa yiSoviet Union yangaphambili, iVietnam yayivame ukucasula umngcele we-China-Vietnam, ihlale ibulala futhi ilimaze abantu basemngceleni wethu nonogada basemngceleni, futhi ihlasela indawo yaseChina. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, i-China yaqala ukulwa nokuzivikela ngokumelene neVietnam ekupheleni kuka-1978. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-EQ240, eyayisanda kwakhiwa, yahamba nayo futhi yahamba phambili ukuze ihlolwe okunzima kakhulu.

Kusukela ku-EQ240 yokuqala eyakhiwe e-Luxipeng kuya ekuphothulweni ngempumelelo kokuhlasela ngokumelene ne-Vietnam, ifektri yesibili yezimoto nayo yazuza ukugxumela emandleni okukhiqiza. Ngo-1978, i-assembly line ye-No.2 Automobile Company yayenze umthamo wokukhiqiza wamayunithi angu-5,000 ngonyaka. Nokho, amandla okukhiqiza akhuphuka, kodwa inzuzo yeNo.2 Automobile Company yehla. Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi simo ukuthi i-No.2 Automobile Company ibilokhu ikhiqiza izimoto zamasosha ezingekho emgwaqeni namaloli asebenzela amasosha. Ekupheleni kwempi, laba bafana abanevolumu enkulu nezindleko eziphakeme abanayo indawo yokusebenzisa, futhi i-No.2 Automobile Company ingene enkingeni yokulahlekelwa.

Eqinisweni, ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuhlasela kweVietnam, imboni yezimoto yasekhaya, okuhlanganisa No.2 Automobile Company, yasibona kusengaphambili lesi simo. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngo-1977, i-FAW yadlulisela ubuchwepheshe beloli layo lamathani angu-5 i-CA10 ku-No.2 Automobile Company mahhala, ukuze i-No.2 Automobile Company ikwazi ukwakha iloli lomphakathi ukugwema lesi simo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ngaleso sikhathi, i-FAW yakha iloli elibizwa nge-CA140, okwakuhloswe ngalo ukuthi lithathe indawo ye-CA10. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-FAW yadlulisela leli loli kuNo.2 Automobile Company ukuze yenze ucwaningo nokukhiqiza. Ngokwethiyori, i-CA140 ingumanduleli we-EQ140.

Akubona ubuchwepheshe kuphela, kodwa futhi umgogodla wemodeli ye-CA10 eyakhiwe yi-FAW, esiza i-Second Automobile Company ukuthuthukisa leli loli labantu. Ngenxa yokuthi laba ochwepheshe banesipiliyoni esicebile, inqubo yocwaningo nentuthuko yaleli loli ishelela kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, amasampula amaloli amaningi angamathani angu-5 emhlabeni ahlaziywa futhi aqhathaniswa. Ngemva kwemizuliswano emihlanu yokuhlola okunzima, ithimba le-R&D lixazulule cishe izinkinga eziyi-100, ezinkulu nezincane. Leli loli elivamile elibizwa nge-EQ140 lafakwa ngokushesha ekukhiqizweni ngobuningi ngaphansi kokukhuthazwa okusebenzayo kwabaphathi abaphezulu.

Ukubaluleka kwaleli loli le-EQ140 le-Second Automobile Company kungaphezu kwalokho. Ngo-1978, umsebenzi wokukhiqiza owanikezwa umbuso kuNo.2 Automobile Company kwakuwukukhiqiza izimoto zabantu abangu-2,000, nezindleko zamabhayisikili zamayuan angu-27,000. Kwakungekho okuhlosiwe kwezimoto zamasosha, futhi umbuso wawuhlele ukulahlekelwa ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingu-32, uma kuqhathaniswa nomgomo wangaphambilini wamayuan ayizigidi ezingu-50. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-No.2 Automobile Company yayisewumndeni olahlekelwe kakhulu esiFundazweni sase-Hubei. Ukuze kuguqulwe ukulahlekelwa kube inzuzo, ukuncishiswa kwezindleko kwakuwukhiye, futhi kwadingeka ukuba kukhiqizwe izimoto ezivamile ezingu-5 000, okwanciphisa izindleko zisuka ku-27,000 zamayuan zaya ku-23,000 yuan. Ngaleso sikhathi, Inkampani Yezimoto Yesibili yabeka phambili isiqubulo esithi "ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi, ukulwela ukukhiqiza ngokweqile kanye nokulahlekelwa okusontayo". Mayelana nalesi sinqumo, kuhlongozwa futhi "ukulwela ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo", "ukulwela ukwakhiwa kwamandla okukhiqiza amaloli angama-5", "ukulwela isigqoko sokulahlekelwa" kanye "nokulwela ukukhiqizwa konyaka. 5,000 5-tons amaloli”.

Ngokusekelwa amandla kaHubei, ngo-1978, iNo.2 Automobile Company yethula ngokusemthethweni impi enzima yokushintsha ukulahlekelwa kube inzuzo ngale moto. Ngo-Ephreli 1978 kuphela, yakhiqiza izinhlobo ezingama-420 EQ140, yakhiqiza izimoto ezingama-5,120 unyaka wonke, ngokukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwezimoto ezingama-3,120 unyaka wonke. Esikhundleni sokuguqula ukulahlekelwa okuhleliwe kube okungokoqobo, kuguqule ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingu-1.31 kuhulumeni futhi kwashintsha ukulahlekelwa kwaba inzuzo ngendlela yonke. Wadala isimangaliso ngaleso sikhathi.

NgoJulayi, 1980, lapho uDeng Xiaoping ehlola Inkampani Yezimoto Yesibili, wathi, "Kuhle ukuthi unake izimoto zamasosha, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, empeleni, sisadinga ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo yabantu." Lo musho awusona nje isiqinisekiso sesiqondiso sangaphambilini sokuthuthukiswa kwe-No.2 Automobile Company, kodwa futhi ukucaciswa kwenqubomgomo eyisisekelo "yokusuka kwezempi kuye kweyabantu abavamile". Kusukela lapho, i-No.2 Automobile Company iye yandisa utshalomali lwayo ezimotweni zomphakathi futhi yakhuphula umthamo wokukhiqiza wezimoto zomphakathi wafinyelela ku-90% wesamba esiphelele sokukhiqiza.

Ngawo lowo nyaka, umnotho kazwelonke wangena esikhathini sokulungisa, futhi Inkampani Yezimoto No.2 yafakwa ohlwini njengephrojekthi “emisiwe noma ebambezelekile” nguMkhandlu Wombuso. Bebhekene nesimo esibuhlungu, abenzi bezinqumo beNo.2 Automobile Company bakhiphe umbiko “wokuphila ngokwamandla ethu, siqoqa izimali ngokwethu, nokuqhubeka nokwakha iNo.2 Automobile Company” kuhulumeni, owagunyazwa. “Ukulunyulwa kwezwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi ngesibindi kunamandla aphindwe ka-10 futhi aphindwe ka-100 kunokwakhiwa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngaphansi kohlelo lwezomnotho oluhleliwe, olukhulule ngempela amandla okukhiqiza, lwakhuthaza intuthuko esheshayo ye-Second. I-Automobile Company ibe negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wezwe.” U-Huang Zhengxia, owayengumqondisi we-Second Automobile Company, wabhala encwadini yakhe yesikhumbuzo.

Nakuba i-No.2 Automobile Company yaqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha ngesisekelo samamodeli we-EQ240 kanye ne-EQ140, ukwakheka komkhiqizo wemboni yezimoto yasekhaya yaseShayina yayingasebenzi kahle ngaleso sikhathi. "Ukuntuleka kwesisindo nesisindo esincane, cishe imoto engenalutho" kwakuyinkinga ephuthumayo kubakhiqizi abakhulu bezimoto ngaleso sikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ohlelweni lokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo lwango-1981-1985, iNkampani Yezimoto engu-No.2 yaphinde yabeka phambili uhlelo lokuthuthukisa iloli likadizili eliyi-flathead, ukuze kugcwaliswe igebe “lokungabi nesisindo” eShayina.

Ukuze kufinyezwe isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, futhi kuhlinzekelwe uguquko lwasekhaya kanye nemvelo yokuvula ngaleso sikhathi, i-Second Automobile Company yanquma ukufunda kokuhlangenwe nakho okuthuthukisiwe kwezobuchwepheshe kwangaphandle ukuze iqedele ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwalesi simo esingenangqondo. iloli elisindayo. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yocwaningo nokwenza ngcono, imoto entsha sha engu-8-ton flat-head diesel yaphuma kancane emugqeni wokuhlanganisa ngo-1990. Le moto ibizwa nge-EQ153. Ngaleso sikhathi, abantu babekhuluma kahle ngale EQ153 ngokubukeka okuhle nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu, futhi “ukushayela izinkuni eziyisicaba eziyisishiyagalombili nokwenza imali” kwakuwumfanekiso wezifiso zangempela zeningi labanikazi bezimoto ngaleso sikhathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla e-No.2 Automobile Co., Ltd. nawo athuthuke ngokushesha ngalesi sikhathi. NgoMeyi 1985, izimoto ezingama-300,000 ze-Dongfeng zaphuma emgqeni womhlangano. Ngaleso sikhathi, izimoto ezikhiqizwa yi-No.2 Automobile Co., Ltd. zaziyingxenye eyodwa kweziyisishiyagalombili zobunikazi bezimoto zikazwelonke. Eminyakeni emibili nje kamuva, iNo.2 Automobile Co., Ltd. yangenisa izimoto ezingu-500,000 zaphuma emgqeni futhi yazuza ngempumelelo umkhiqizo wonyaka wezimoto ezingu-100,000, ezikleliswe phakathi kwezinkampani ezinomkhiqizo omkhulu waminyaka yonke wamaloli anosayizi ophakathi endaweni. umhlaba.

Ngaphambi kokuba i-Second Automobile Company iqanjwe kabusha ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi “Dongfeng Motor Company”, ubuholi ngaleso sikhathi baphakamisa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwamaloli “kwakuyizinga lesikole sabaqalayo” kuphela futhi ukwakhiwa kwezimoto “kwakuyizinga lenyuvesi”. Uma ufuna ukuba namandla futhi ube mkhulu, kufanele wakhe imoto encane. Ngaleso sikhathi, emakethe yezimoto yasekhaya, i-Shanghai Volkswagen yayisivele inkulu kakhulu, futhi i-Second Automobile Company yasebenzisa leli thuba futhi yabeka phambili isethi yohlelo lokuthuthukisa imoto oluhlangene.

Ngo-1986, ngaleso sikhathi iNkampani Yezimoto engu-No.2 yahambisa ngokusemthethweni eMkhandlwini Wombuso uMbiko Womsebenzi Wokuqala Wokuthuthukisa Izimoto Ezivamile e-No.2 Automobile Factory. Ngokusekelwa okuqinile kwezinhlangano ezifanele, abaholi beKhomishana Yezomnotho Yombuso, Ikhomishana Yokuhlela, Ikhomishini Yemishini kanye neminye iminyango bangena eNgqungqutheleni yaseBeidaihe ngo-1987. Ngemva nje komhlangano, uhulumeni omkhulu wavumelana ngokusemthethweni nenqubomgomo yamasu “entuthuko ehlanganyelwe, ukuhlanganyela ekusunguleni izimboni, ukuqondiswa kokuthekelisa kanye nokushintshanisa nokuphuma kwamanye amazwe” ephakanyiswe yi-Second Automobile Company.

Ngemva kokugunyazwa kwepulani lebhizinisi elihlanganyelwe uhulumeni omkhulu, i-No.2 Automobile Company ngokushesha yenza ukuhwebelana okubanzi kwamazwe ngamazwe futhi yaqala ukufuna ozakwethu. Phakathi nenkathi ka-1987-1989, i-Second Automobile Company ngaleso sikhathi yangena ezingxoxweni zokubambisana ezingu-78 nezinkampani zezimoto zakwamanye amazwe ezingu-14, futhi yathumela izithunywa ezingu-11 ukuba zivakashele, futhi yathola izithunywa ezingu-48 ezazizovakashela futhi zishintshisane embonini. Ekugcineni, iCitroen Automobile Company yaseFrance yakhethwa ukuze ibambisane.

Ngekhulu lama-21, i-Dongfeng yangenisa umvuthwandaba wokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esihlanganyelwe. Ngo-2002, i-Dongfeng Motor Company yasayina isivumelwano sokusebenzisana ne-PSA Group yase-France ukuze kwandiswe ukubambisana, futhi okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kuleli bhizinisi elihlanganyelwe ukwethula uhlobo lwe-Peugeot e-China ngendlela ehlanganisa yonke into. Ngemuva kokuhlanganyela, igama lenkampani i-Dongfeng Peugeot. Ngo-2003, i-Dongfeng Motor Company yaphinde yahlelwa kabusha ngokuhlanganyela. I-Dongfeng Motor Company ekugcineni yafinyelela isivumelwano neNissan Motor Company sokusungula i-Dongfeng Motor Co., Ltd. ngendlela yokutshalwa kwezimali okungu-50%. Kamuva, iDongfeng Motor Company yasungula ukuxhumana neHonda Motor Company. Ngemuva kokubonisana, la maqembu womabili atshale imali engu-50% ngayinye ukuze asungule I-Dongfeng Honda Motor Company. Eminyakeni emibili nje, iDongfeng Motor Company yasayina izivumelwano zokusebenzisana nezinkampani ezintathu zezimoto eFrance naseJapan.

Kuze kube manje, i-Dongfeng Motor Company isisungule uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo esekelwe emalolini aphakathi, amaloli asindayo nezimoto. Kuwo wonke umlando weminyaka engu-50 wokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo we-Dongfeng, amathuba nezinselelo bezilokhu zihambisana nabantu baseDongfeng. Kusukela ebunzimeni bokwakha amafektri ekuqaleni kuya ebunzimeni bokuqamba okusha okuzimele manje, abantu baseDongfeng baye badlula umgwaqo onameva ngesibindi sokushintsha nokubekezela.

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